Can intermittent fasting raise risk of a heart attack? Here’s what cardiologists say

What does this study mean for those who are on intermittent fasting? 

Experts say that the science behind intermittent fasting cannot be disputed though findings in studies differ because of variables. “The physiological effects of intermittent fasting have been studied in various trials all over the world and, in fact, has been a way of life in various religious/ethnic groups worldwide. Autophagy, that is the removal of dead or diseased cells from the body, is the underlying mechanism through which intermittent fasting works. The findings, though striking, must be taken with a pinch of salt as there are way too many variables which can affect the outcomes in such observational studies,” says Dr Sudheer Saxena, Director, Cardiology, Max Hospital, Mohali.

Arguing for a randomised controlled study across populations and geographies, Dr Arun Kochar, Additional Director, Cardiology, Fortis Hospital, Mohali, sounds a word of caution. “I believe those suffering from long-standing cardio-metabolic conditions may not benefit from intermittent fasting. Such patients could go in for frequent meals at frequent intervals,” he adds.

What are concerns about intermittent fasting and cardiac health?

Dr Rakesh Sharma, Associate Director, Cardiology, Ivy Hospital, Panchkula, says the prolonged fasting regimen may lead to fluctuations in hunger hormones, such as ghrelin and leptin, which could potentially stress the cardiovascular system. “Extended fasting periods may result in electrolyte imbalance, particularly if adequate hydration and nutrient intake are not maintained. Electrolyte imbalances can affect heart function and may pose risks for individuals with certain cardiac conditions,” he says.

Fasting during certain times of the day may affect exercise performance, which is an important aspect of maintaining cardiovascular health. “Individuals engaging in intermittent fasting should consider timing their eating windows to align with their workout schedule to optimise performance and recovery,” he adds.

Is a heart healthy diet better than intermittent fasting? 

According to Dr Ankur Ahuja, Senior Consultant, Cardiology, Fortis Hospital, Mohali, this study is significant enough because it assessed long-term impacts while there are multiple short studies suggesting how fasting periods improve the metabolic profile (blood sugar and cholesterol). “That’s why the Mediterranean diet tops the list of healthy diets because it is heart healthy and well-balanced. It is rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, nuts and legumes, fish and low-fat poultry and dairy. There’s no red meat, processed meat, high sugar and bakery. And it doesn’t let denial pangs kick in. For heart health, a diet must be doable,” he says.